Form
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Positive | have / has + past participle | I have visited Paris. · She has eaten sushi. |
| Negative | haven't / hasn't + past participle | I haven't seen this film. · He hasn't called. |
| Yes/No question | Have / Has + subject + past participle? | Have you ever tried sushi? · Has she left? |
| Wh- question | Wh- + have / has + subject + past participle? | How long have you lived here? |
Irregular past participles:
go → gone · see → seen · eat → eaten · write → written · take → taken · give → given · do → done · make → made · have → had · be → been
Three uses
| Use | Examples |
|---|---|
| 1. Life experience Did it happen at some point in life? No specific time. |
I have been to Japan. (ever / never) She has never tried Indian food. Have you ever climbed a mountain? |
| 2. Recent past / news Just happened — result visible now. |
She has just arrived. (= a moment ago) I have already done the homework. He hasn't called yet. |
| 3. Unfinished time period Started in the past, still true now (for/since). |
I have lived here since 2020. She has worked here for three years. We haven't spoken since the argument. |
Signal words
everneverjust
alreadyyetsince
forrecentlylately
so farup to now
I have never eaten octopus. · She has just finished. · Have you eaten yet?
Exercises
Choose the correct Present Perfect form.
1. She ___ to New York three times. (go)
2. Have you ___ this film? (see)
3. I ___ here since 2018.
4. She ___ her homework yet. (not finish)