True synonyms — a style difference, not a meaning difference

Unlike the other verb pairs in this group, take care of and look after mean exactly the same thing: to be responsible for someone or something's wellbeing. The difference here isn't meaning — it's style.

ExpressionGeneral ideaStyle note
TAKE CARE OF To be responsible for someone/something's wellbeing. Neutral. Common in both British and American English.
LOOK AFTER To be responsible for someone/something's wellbeing. More common in British English; sounds slightly more everyday in conversation.
Fully interchangeable: "Can you take care of my dog this weekend?" and "Can you look after my dog this weekend?" are both correct, both natural, and mean exactly the same thing.

Common contexts

TAKE CARE OFLOOK AFTER
take care of the childrenlook after the children
take care of a petlook after a pet
take care of the elderlylook after the elderly
take care of your healthlook after your health
take care of the house / plantslook after the house / plants
take care of the detailslook after the details
Examples in sentences:
She takes care of her grandmother every weekend.
Can you look after the kids tonight?
Don't worry, I'll take care of everything.
Who's looking after the dog while you're away?

Exercises

Complete with "take care of" or "look after" — both are correct, but follow the word given in brackets.

1.Can you __ (look) my plants while I'm on holiday?
2.He needs to __ (take) his diet more seriously.
3.My sister __ (look) our parents' house every summer.

4. Which statement about these two expressions is true?